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In the name of Allah the Most Beneficent the Most Mercifull.

Allah's Signs on the Earth
Adapted Slightly From Tafsir Ibn Kathir
© Dar us Salam

And it is He who spread out the earth, and placed therein firm mountains and rivers and of every kind of fruit He made Zawjayn Ithnayn (two in pairs). He brings the night as a cover over the day. Verily, in these things, there are Ayat (signs) for people who reflect.

And in the earth are neighboring tracts, and gardens of vines, and green crops (fields), and date palms, growing into two or three from a single stem root, or otherwise, watered with the same water; yet some of them We make more excellent than others to eat. Verily, in these things there are Ayat (signs) for the people who understand.
[Surah Ar-Rad Ayah 3-4]

Allah's signs on the Earth

In the beginning of this surah (Ayahs 1 & 2) Allah mentioned the higher worlds, He started asserting His power, wisdom and control over the lower parts of the world. Allah said,

And it is He Who spread out the earth
made it spacious in length and width. Allah has placed on the earth firm mountains and made rivers, springs and water streams run through it, so that the various kinds of fruits and plants of every color, shape, taste and scent are watered with water,

and of every kind of fruit He made Zawjayn Ithnayn.
two types from every kind of fruit,

He brings the night as a cover the day.

Allah made the day and pursue each other, when one is about to depart, the other overcomes it, and vice versa. Allah controls time just as He controls space and matter,

Verily, in these things, there are Ayat for people who reflect.

who reflect on Allah's signs and the evidences of His wisdom.
Allah said,

And in the earth are neighboring tracts,

Meaning, next to each other, some of them are fertile and produce what benefits people, while others are dead, salty and do not produce anything. This meaning was collected from Ibn 'Abbas Mujahid, Sa'id bin Jubayr, Ad-Dahhak and several others.
[At-Tabari 16:331-333]

This also covers the various colors and types of divers areas on the earth; some red, some white, or yellow, or black, some are stony, or flat, or sandy, or thick or thin, all made to neighbor each other while preserving their own qualities. All this indicates the existence of the Creator Who does what He wills, there is no deity or lord except him. Allah said next,

and gardens of vines, and green crops (fields), and date palms...
Allah's statement, next,

Sinwanun wa (or) Ghayru Sinwan.
'Sinwan' means, growing into two or three from a single stem such as figs, promegranate and dates. 'Ghayru Sinwan' means, having one stem for every tree, as is the case with most plants. From this meaning, the paternal uncle is called one's 'Sinw' of his father. There is an authentic Hadith that states that the Messenger of Allah said to 'Umar bin Al-Khattab,

Do you not know that man's paternal uncle is the Sinw of his father?
[Muslim 2:677]
Allah said next,

watered with the same water; yet some of them We make more excellent than others to eat.
Abu Hurayrah narrated that the Prophet commented on Allah's statement,

yet some of them We make more excellent than others to eat.

The Dagal,[1] the Persian, the sweet, the bitter...[2]
[1] [These are different dates]
[2][Tufat Al-Ahwahi 8:544]
At-Tirmidhi collected this Hadith and said, "Hasan Gharib." Therefore, there are differences between plants and fruits with regards to shape, color, taste, scent, blossoms and the shape of their leaves. There are plants that are very sweet or sour, bitter or mild, fresh; some plants have a combination of these attributes, and the taste then changes and becomes another taste, by Allah's will. There is also some that are yellow in color, or red, or white, or black, or blue, and the same can be said about their flowers; and all these variances and complex diversities are waterd by the same water. Surely, in this there are signs for those who have sound reasoning, and surely, all this indicates the existence of the Creator Who does what He wills and Whose power made distinctions between various things and created them as He wills. so Allah said,

Verily, in these things there are Ayat for the people who understand.

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